Elbow Joint Replacement Surgery

Total elbow replacement - also called elbow arthroplasty - is a surgical procedure to replace damaged parts of the elbow joint with artificial components. This includes removing worn bone and cartilage and replacing them with a metal and plastic hinge that acts as an artificial elbow. 

One part of the implant attaches to the upper arm bone (humerus) and the other to the ulna, the bone in the forearm. A pin connects the two, forming a hinge that lets your elbow bend and move again. 

In some cases, only one portion of the joint is replaced, called a partial elbow replacement. Your surgeon will determine whether a partial or total elbow replacement is best for you. 

Elbow joint replacement surgery may be recommended when damage is severe and other treatments haven’t worked. Common reasons include: 

• Rheumatoid arthritis: This autoimmune condition causes inflammation in the elbow joint, leading to pain, stiffness and joint damage. 
• Osteoarthritis: Wear and tear over time can break down cartilage, causing pain and limited movement. 
• Post-traumatic arthritis: A past injury - such as a broken bone or torn ligament - can damage cartilage and lead to arthritis in the joint. 
• Severe fractures: In some cases, broken or shattered bones in the elbow may be too difficult to repair and require replacement procedures. 

There are two main types of elbow replacement devices: 

• Linked elbow replacements: All the parts are connected to create one solid, moving hinge. These offer excellent stability, especially when surrounding ligaments are weak or damaged. However, they may loosen over time, especially with high-impact use. 
• Unlinked elbow replacements: These come in separate pieces and rely on healthy ligaments to hold them in place. This type preserves more natural movement but requires stronger soft tissues around the elbow. 

Each type includes ulnar components and humeral components, and your surgeon will choose the best one based on your condition and surgical technique. 

Most people regain regular use of their elbow within about 12 weeks after surgery. However, it’s important to follow your care team’s guidance to protect the joint and avoid potential complications like poor healing or implant loosening. 

You may need to avoid heavy lifting or high-impact activity for at least six months after surgery. 

Pain relief will be part of your recovery plan. Your doctor may recommend pain medications, including NSAIDs, ibuprofen or opioids, for short-term use.

Physical therapy is a key part of recovering from elbow joint replacement surgery. Starting gentle movement early can improve flexibility, range of motion and strength in the elbow. Your therapist will guide you through safe exercises and help you build a personalized home exercise plan to support healing and improve your function.

At Banner Health, we’re committed to helping you feel better, move easier and return to your daily activities. Our experienced orthopedic team uses advanced surgical techniques and personalized recovery plans to support your healing journey.

We’ll work closely with you to:

• Relieve elbow pain and stiffness
• Improve mobility and function
• Reduce the risk of long-term complications
• Restore your quality of life